{"id":25250,"date":"2019-07-11T13:28:20","date_gmt":"2019-07-11T11:28:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prosertek.comblog\/lng-terminals-fender-systems\/"},"modified":"2019-07-11T13:28:20","modified_gmt":"2019-07-11T11:28:20","slug":"lng-terminals-fender-systems","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prosertek.com\/blog\/lng-terminals-fender-systems\/","title":{"rendered":"Port equipment for LNG terminals (VI): Fender systems (I)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Our series of articles on LNG equipment is moving on to look at <strong>fender systems<\/strong>. <strong>An essential protection mechanism for berthing<\/strong> and one of the fundamental parts of any basic port infrastructure in terms of minimising accidents and damage, both on board and at the port.<\/p>\n<h2>What is a fender system?<\/h2>\n<p>Fender systems are the elements that are visible at LNG terminal quays. They are attached to the docks or pilings and their main function to <strong>ensure the safe docking of ships <\/strong>and without causing any kind of damage either to the ships or to the dock installations themselves.<\/p>\n<p>They are basically the <strong>point of contact between the dock and the ship <\/strong>and their function involves <strong>buffering the docking of the ship<\/strong>. They have an elastic element (elastomer) for this purpose, which absorbs the kinetic energy developed by the ship during docking, yielding as low a reaction as possible. It should also protect the ship and the dock from the forces generated during the docking operation when the ship is moored.<\/p>\n<p>The fender system <strong>must cover the surface necessary<\/strong> to ensure that the ship does not bang against the dock, taking into account factors such as the difference in tides, hull shape and the length of the ship. A sufficient number of fender to <strong>ensure contact during bow and stern<\/strong> must also be installed to ensure that there is no risk of contact with the dock structure for the curved parts of the ship.<\/p>\n<h2>Criteria when choosing a fender system<\/h2>\n<p>There are basically a couple of physical criteria to be evaluated when choosing the most appropriate fender system.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>The fender system&#8217;s absorptive capacity<\/strong> <strong>of the kinetic energy<\/strong> created by the ship, which must be greater than the one set for normal docking.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Reaction force<\/strong> created by the fender system\u2019s elastomer toward the ship. <strong>Must be less than the ship\u2019s allowable limit.<\/strong> Therefore, an area corresponding to the fender, which is the contact area with the ship, must be measured up. This is the reason why the fender system\u2019s elastomers are represented by reaction-deflection and energy-deflection curves.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Buckling fenders, the most functional out there<\/h2>\n<p>There are different groups of fenders, each of which have several types. However, the <strong>buckling<\/strong> group must be considered for LNG terminals, and within this group, the <strong>TCN (truncated cone-shaped)<\/strong> and <strong>SC (tubular) types<\/strong>. These types of fenders are very highly recognised, thanks to their simplicity, robustness and functionality.<\/p>\n<p>Buckling fenders are designed to <strong>improve the performance curves of the elastomer<\/strong>. Buckling occurs during the deflection of the elastomer, resulting in a decrease of its reaction strength. Another feature of these elastomers is their <strong>steel flanges<\/strong> embedded in the mounting points, contributing to the rigidity of the fender system.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/prosertek.comdownloads\/lng-terminals\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-21127 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/prosertek.comwp-content\/uploads\/lng-terminals-mobile.png\" alt=\"Download the guide Port Equipment for LNG Terminals\" width=\"360\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https:\/\/prosertek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/lng-terminals-mobile.png 360w, https:\/\/prosertek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/lng-terminals-mobile-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/prosertek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/lng-terminals-mobile-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/prosertek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/lng-terminals-mobile-80x80.png 80w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Index of published articles<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/prosertek.comblog\/equipment-lng-terminals\/\">Port equipment for LNG terminals (I)<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/prosertek.comblog\/port-equipment-lng-terminals-2\/\">Port equipment for LNG terminals (II): moving towards a change in regulation<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/prosertek.comblog\/port-equipment-lng-terminals-docking-aid-systems\/\">Port equipment for LNG terminals (III): Docking aid systems (I)<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/prosertek.comblog\/port-equipment-lng-terminals-docking-aid-systems-ii\/\">Port equipment for LNG terminals (IV): docking aid systems (II)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/prosertek.comblog\/port-equipment-for-lng-terminals-v-berthing-aid-systems-iii\/\">Port equipment for LNG terminals (V): Berthing-aid systems (III)<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/prosertek.comblog\/lng-terminals-fender-systems\/\">Port equipment for LNG terminals (VI): Fender systems (I)<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/prosertek.comblog\/lng-terminals-fender-systems-2\/\">Port equipment for LNG terminals (VII): Defence systems (II)<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The fenders are fixed elements located in the docks that allow the vessel to dock safely and without receiving any type of damage.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":20775,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[156],"tags":[170],"class_list":["post-25250","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-harbor-equipment","tag-fender-systems"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prosertek.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25250","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prosertek.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prosertek.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prosertek.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prosertek.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25250"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prosertek.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25250\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prosertek.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20775"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prosertek.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25250"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prosertek.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25250"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prosertek.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25250"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}